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In the 1031 pages of the two volumes, Chamberlain borrowed ideas from the leading sciences of the time (history and the natural sciences) and stood up for the dominant ideas, at the. (Edin. Among them were Houston Stewart Chamberlain and many members of what historians later called the Bayreuther Kreis, an informal circle of members and friends of the Wagner family, including Cosima Wagner, the wife of the Master, and Ludwig Schemann. Ohne ihn ging der Tag des Indoeuropers zu Ende. They then left testimonies of their genius in immaculate and pristine temples that were currently used, in the 19th century, to demonstrate the superiority of white mankind. She married Siegfried, Richard Wagners only son, and was considered the only true custodian and bailiff in Bayreuth after Siegfrieds death, as well as a sort of muse for Adolf Hitler, whom she greatly admired. Es war hohe Zeit, dass der Retter erschien, Ibid., p.549. Thanks to this book, and because he was someone who mattered in Bayreuth, Chamberlain later became a very important mediator in the formulation of the Nazi ideology, before he died in 1927. He also wrote numerous books on the theory of races, among which an important collection called, that earned him fame and glory in his later years, under the Third Reich. Chamberlain criticized them for their lack of political sense: The Greeks have always been, and are still today, unfaithful, unpatriotic, self-centred7. As a tribute to Chamberlain, and in the similar style of his book, Alfred Rosenberg, the chief ideologist of the Nazi party, entitled his own work, The Myth of the 20th Centurya book which was meant to be, with Mein Kampf, the gospel of Nazism. Hitler saw in Christianity a lethal plague that had affected Europe because of the Jews who made Christians out of Germans to weaken them. But his several tracts written during World War I are interesting in their own right as documents of German nationalist . Bergen, Doris L., Twisted Cross. What is left of Rome today is no other than a landscape of ruins which looks like the white skeleton of a dead civilization. I, chap. In it, he provides his readership with a new approach to Western history in relation to the question of race and the necessary rise of Germanic power. We find that actual, concrete knowledge, that is, the great work of toilsome discovery, has one deadly enemy, omniscience. After attending a, in Versailles and a boarding school in Cheltenham, he visited destination spas and various health resortshe did not have a very sound constitutionwith his chaperon and a tutor. To prove the excellence of Germanic blood, scientists and race specialists had argued, since the 1830s, that every light came from the North, and not from the East. 1.7 Houston Stewart Chamberlain and the Race Struggle of Western History Like Theodor Fritsch, Houston Stewart Chamberlain represents an important link between . 12 Blut von ihrem Blut und Geist von ihrem Geist, ibid., p.549. 8 Demandt, Alexander, Politische Aspekte im Alexanderbild der Neuzeit. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who spoke fluent German, belonged from then on to the sanctum of Germano-maniac racism, a group of worshippers who had gathered around Richard Wagner: Wagner, the bard of a reinvented Germanic mythology, who celebrated heroic figures of oneiric purity and had a slight tendency of considering that his agethe 19th centurywas leading white Germanic mankind towards decadence, degeneration and death. Chamberlain indulges in the most appalling stereotypes of the Bildung of his time. they believed that the Nordic race had become superior because harsh climatic conditions . Nineteenth century racist thinkers, such as Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Guido von List as well as racist politicians like Georg von Schnerer exerted a significant influence on many in the generation of Adolf Hitler. 24 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Sehr geehrter und lieber Herr Hitler 7. , New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, 565p. , Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, 1031p. (2 volumes). Auswirkungen der Entjudaisierung Christi im 19. und zu Beginn des 20. Es war hohe Zeit, dass der Retter erschien, 1941-1944. 5 Athens represented, for Chamberlain, the beauty of ideas and the greatness of philosophy, which as such is not a very original idea. After the shock of the First World War and of Germanys defeat, Chamberlain slowly faded away. What Chamberlain wrote in his Foundations is just stupid, to put it nicely22. Both an art lover and a dilettante, he was welcomed into Richard Wagners larger circles when he became his son-in-law. He defined himself as an Ungelehrter, taking pride in not being a trained scholar, which he deemed was unworthy of his natural talents. Literature. Samuel Beckett : Drama as philosophical endgame ? () Where are the roman scientists? The Romans, of course, were the best, but they did not protect themselves; they did not protect the excellence of their blood. If only those elites would come to that same awareness, they would crush any opposition and rule the world for good. Chamberlain chose to revisit this holy triangle through the vlkisch perspective. If the Greeks were philosophers, the Romans were lawyers. The Persians indeed were Jews, at least as much as the Greeks were Germans, and the Persian Wars were nothing else than a racial struggle which lasted over a century between Asia and Europe. In the 1920s, he met Hitler. Being a Nazi in 1926 was just not the same than being a Nazi in 1938, 1942 or 1944. Rauschning, Hermann, Gesprche mit Hitler, Wien, Zrich, New York, Europa Verlag, 1940. Not a Jew, by all means! He reciprocated by paying a tribute to Chamberlain in, . He eventually settled in Dresden, Germany, after his Prussian tutor had filled his young mind with Teutonic tales of Germanic greatness. Nordicism is an ideology of racism which views the Nordic race as a superior and sometimes as an endangered racial group. If only those elites would come to that same awareness, they would crush any opposition and rule the world for good. Oktober 1923, quoted in Stackelberg, Roderick, Winkle, Sally. And Chamberlain would not be the last to perform such a, under the Third Reich; for instance, an official Protestant church pledged to the Nazi party, . He wrote these excerpts to make Germany aware of what he . Chamberlain devotes some 500 pagesnearly half the bookto that period, providing his reader with ample material on Rome, Greece and the Jews as well as on another sacrosanct trinity: Athens, Rome and Jerusalem. In this monumental piece of work, he tried to answer the following questions: what made (t)his period the most remarkable one in history? Please, do not mention this painstaking compiler, good enough to write mediocre encyclopaedias named Plinius, Chamberlain has nothing but contempt for Plinius, who might have been less of a mediocre, , as he puts it, than he was himself. 17Indeed, this encounter and interview left such an impression on Chamberlain that he considered Hitler as the epitome of many essential virtuessuch virtues as warmth, kindness and selflessness, all embodied by the Fhrer of the NSDAP: You are not at all, as you have been described to me, a fanatic. However, it was quite successful from the 1900s to the 1930s; it sold over 200000 copies. """Na taj nain pripremljeno je tlo za novu rasu nadovjeka"", . Farewell! Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Sehr geehrter und lieber Herr Hitler 7. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Core tenets of Hitler's worldview were that the primacy of race in determining historical developments, Aryan superiority (with the Aryans being the sole creators of culture), the Darwinian racial struggle, the need for eugenics policies, and the evils of racial mixing. Wie Jesus zum Arier wurde. 7 quotes from Houston Stewart Chamberlain: 'The separation wall between religion and sincere scientific thinking, so ingeniously erected by our church doctors, does not really exist; it means rather the acknowledgement of an official lie. Houston Stewart Chamberlain - a Darwinist whom was identified as racist theorist was also a cultural critic. It was high time the saviour appeared. Those three cities had been, throughout the 19. century, the epitome of Western culture: the Greeks had bequeathed philosophy and the arts, the Romans the Law and the Empire, and Jerusalem had opened a new path to salvation with the teachings of Jesus Christ. If Germanic blood is not protected against the Jewish infection, Europe will perish. Despite this biological disaster or the inevitable fall of the Romans, the Nordic race did not disappear. with the celestial intelligence and inspiration of the Greeks. Was sagt man zu einer Geschichte, die mehr als 1200 Jahre umfasst, und nicht einen einzigen Philosophen aufweist, ja, nicht einmal das kleinste Philosphchen? It was high time the saviour appeared.18. Weindling, Paul, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890-1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003. He imported some of his arguments from the . In his book, we can read that Plato was, by all means, a great philosopher. 27 Sie haben Gewaltiges zu leisten vor sich, aber trotz Ihrer Willenskraft halte ich Sie nicht fr einen Gewaltmenschen. CHAMBERLAIN, HOUSTON STEWART(1855-1927) Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the Anglo-German race theorist and philosophical and historical writer, was born in Southsea, near Portsmouth, England. If you read the book carefully, the notion of plague as a potential threat is omnipresent. This obsession with diseases and the assimilation of blood-mixing with infection is a common characteristic, as well as a deep concern, among the most convinced racists of the time,23 and not just in Germany. otto porter wilt chamberlain son. The idea of physical race unity and rice purity, which is the very essence of Judaism, signify the recognition of a fundamental physiological fact of life; wherever we observe life from the hyphomycetes to the noble horse we see the importance of "race"; judaism made this law of nature sacred. In this monumental piece of work, he tried to answer the following questions: what made (t)his period the most remarkable one in history? Furthermore, his belonging to the Wagner family was a letter of credit and a sign of distinction in the small but growing world of the far right movements. No surprise there, because, according to him, Christ was also a German. Doch nicht etwa der fleissige Konversationslexikonsredakteuyr Plinius?, in Chamberlain. This is summed up by Chamberlain who, contrary to Hegel who wrote Ex oriente lux, pretends that Ex septentrione lux: the beacon of civilization lies in the north with the white Germanic race. The Holocaust was the culmination of a number of factors over a number of years. He reciprocated by paying a tribute to Chamberlain in Mein Kampf. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, "Kant: Excursus on the 'Thing in Itself,'" Immanuel Kant: A Study and a Comparison with Goethe, Leonardo da Vinci, Bruno, Plato and Descartes, vol. Hitler wanted the support of someone whose work had become a canonical book for the racist nationalists in Germany. They were never able to create a unified Hellenic state and, instead, spent centuries launching fratricide wars against each other, only to exhaust the race in endless massacres of the Athenians by the Spartans and vice versa, until it bled to death. Der Fanatiker erhitzt die Kpfe, Sie erwrmen die Herzen. Remaining in Germany during World War I, Chamberlain received the German Military Cross in 1915 and became naturalized the next year. Regrettably, a number of Chamberlain's most important works are still accessible only to those who know German, the language in which he did and not just in Germany. Sample translated sentence: . Long, long handshake! Houston Stewart Chamberlain 4: Hans Gnther 5: Hitler and Mein Kampf . 11For Chamberlain, the victory of the Carthaginians over the Romans would have been a catastrophe: We have been saved by the brutal delenda est Carthago of Cato and the likes. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/6680; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/miranda.6680, Professor of History - Junior Member, Institut Universitaire de FranceSorbonne Nouvelle Universityjohann.chapoutot@univ-paris3.fr, Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Site map Legal information & Credits Links Directories and labels Syndication, OpenEdition member Published with Lodel Administration only, You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search, Expressions of Environment in Euroamerican Culture / Antique Bodies in Nineteenth Century British Literature and Culture, Antique Bodies in Nineteenth Century British Literature and Culture, From Humanism to Nazism: Antiquity in the Work of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a social Darwinist and a true racist. For many people in the 19th century, it was a vital question19: many Christian racists of the period could not bear the idea of their Messiah being a Jew. Updates? More importantly, they would prevent any further decadence and avoid mixing with inferior races, like the Jews or other crossbreds. (M a h b h r a t a) 4 Translation from the German, based upon the 8th edition of Arische Weltanschauung, published by F. Bruckmann A.-G., Munich 1938 5 Dedicated to the indologist Leopold von Schroeder The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, New York, Columbia University Press, 1981. Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Sehr geehrter und lieber Herr Hitler 7.