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Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Resource control: 3.7 7. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. /F6 21 0 R It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Your email address will not be published. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's %PDF-1.5 Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. 1. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Best information base for latest information both national and international. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. It also decided that the Public . Full History of Nigerian Federalism. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. History of federal system of government in nigeria. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Your email address will not be published. 4 0 obj +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. . Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Excellent, thanks a lot f There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Payment Details. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. << This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| endobj What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. % /BitsPerComponent 8 Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. >> The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. /Type /XObject MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. %PDF-1.5 Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. >> It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units.