mathematics It comprises an almost impenetrable bush consisting of about a hundred plant species woven together so densely that it is virtually impossible to walk through. The distribution of the biomes and ecoregions is governed mainly by the physical environment, especially climate. To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. Heavily Indebted Poor C ountry (HIPC), Zambia has recently qualified for debt relief under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). The average number of hot days1 and hot nights per year in Zambia have increased while the How does flooding affect humans and the environment? How can we increase the amount of food produced globally? Zambia has not been spared from the scourge of land degradation especially during the past ten (10) years. Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food . Too much rain when the maize crop is flowering or late in the season when it should be drying off prior to harvest, can be very damaging and promotes rotting of stored grain. Tours, South Africa It makes cumulonimbus clouds. As the air rises, it cools and condenses. At that time many camps in Kafue, Lower Zambezi and the more remote parks shut down. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. What is the location and importance of Mumbai? 82.8. The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted A The continent is made up of very old Flat maps represent relief in a variety of ways. Frontal rain produces a variety of clouds, which bring moderate to heavy rainfall. . [4][citation needed], The ability to grow enough food in the rainy season to last the long dry season is also a factor in population distribution. Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. Study it carefully and follow the route of the water. Hence, the need of the country to always have enough maize in stock. [2][citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. conserves both inter-specific and intra-specific diversity of crop species . [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). Grasslands both flooded and non-flooded also occur there . Human and physical factors causing river flooding. 3.2 Wetlands 3.3 Zambia has Eight Wetlands of International Importance which include, the Kafue Flats . Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. Integrated learning-by-doing approach as a respond to climate change impacts. slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. Frontal Rainfall. Dambos also release groundwater to streams and rivers towards the end of the dry season, keeping them flowing permanently. Thirsty animals crowd around the waterholes and rivers to drink. Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. Also falls at a shorter distance downwind of the ridge are called spillover, sometimes. The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. The climate of the lower-lying South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi National Parks is considerably hotter: temperatures rise by about 6C for every 1,000m you descend (or 3.5F per 1,000ft). What is the impact of humans on the Taiga? Zambia is expected to experience heavy rains in the coming days, with potential for flash floods in Mufumbwe, Kasempa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Siavonga, Gwembe and Chipata districts. What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. The fires are ignited by villagers hunting, burning crop residue, and preparing chitemene gardens; or by lightning in the early rainy season. Convection makes the air rise and cool. this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. There are two main seasons: the rainy season (November to April) corresponding to summer, and the dry season (May to October/November), corresponding to winter. Peshawar is located at higher altitude than Quetta so moist winds easily reach their. kcse resources They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Overview; Climate Data. Second, the near bisection of the continent by the Equator results in a largely symmetrical arrangement of climatic zones on either side. Two Earthquakes Compared Nepal and LAquila, Lombok Indonesia Earthquake 2018 Case Study, 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami Case Study. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. . history Relief rainfall is when the warm moist air from the sea . What challenges are associated with the growth of Rio? Convectional rain. The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems, casting a "shadow" of dryness behind them. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . Moisture-laden wind blows in from the sea. By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our It also means more runoff, more percolation, and more water erosion. Open a list of all cookies, Below you can decide which type of cookies you would like to keep switched on. The biomes and ecoregions in the ecology of Zambia are described, listed and mapped here, following the World Wildlife Fund's classification scheme for terrestrial ecoregions, and the WWF freshwater ecoregion classification for rivers, lakes and wetlands. Since 1960, there has been an average decrease in annual rainfall of 1.9 mm per decade. In the north, rain only falls from June to September in the range of 500 mm to 750 mm. Temperatures are higher at lower elevations, such as the Luapula-Mweru and Mweru-Wantipa/Tanganyika valleys in the north, and highest in the lower Luangwa and Zambezi valleys in the south, typically experiencing 40C in October. The 8 sites listed below form a broad chain running from south-west to north-east. Elsewhere, plants and animals are adapted to the long dry season. What is chemical and mechanical weathering? As a country with very distinct rainy and dry seasons, with a high rainfall in the former, and having a fairly flat topography, Zambian rivers and low-lying areas are prone to flooding, and there are extensive permanent swamps. csee necta questions Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change which might lead to more variability in rainfall amounts and length of the rainy season. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). If the annual flood is disrupted by dams, woody shrubs of lower nutritional value tend to replace grasses and so reduce the number of herbivores and biodiversity. In geography, a location's relief is the difference between its highest and lowest elevations. Zambia-specific climate change and (2) some empirical background on literature . Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. The rains are brought by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and are characterised by thunderstorms, occasionally severe, with much lightning and sometimes hail. The dry season is subdivided into the cool dry season (May to August), and the hot dry season (September to October/November). -. The yield gap between actual yields and . Figure 1: Shows the study area (Zambia), marked green on the map of Africa. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", "Flooding and Climate Change: Everything You Need to Know", "Climate of Zambia - By The Zambian For Zambia", "which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall", "Rainfall trends and variation in the Maasai Mara ecosystem and their implications for animal population and biodiversity dynamics", "LUSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Climate Normals 1961-1990", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Livingstone MET Climate Normals 19611990", "Impacts of climate change on agriculture and household welfare in Zambia: an economy-wide analysis", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1136190768, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows). Rain clouds gather over grain silos in the grain-producing region of the Overberg . However, these regular droughts have become more extreme and more unpredictable due to climate change.In fact studies based on dendrochronology, or tree rings dating, confirm that drought affected by global warming goes back to 1900.. Rainfall. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Projected Weather and Climate. Relief is being provided to . The average maximum temperatures during that period is between 24 and 28 degrees Celsius (75.2 and 82.4F) and it is very dry. csee review questions pdf Peshawar is a rain fed area and gets western depression rain in winter and also receives rain from monsoon in summer. Zambia is divided into three agro-ecological zones with distinct mean annual rainfall, ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. Lusaka City natural surface drainage (Natural Surface Water Flow Pattern) None of the country is arid. Waterspouts can be seen over lakes. The main aspects of the physical environment which determine the biomes and ecoregions of Zambia are: climate, specifically rainfall amount, length of the dry season, and temperature, which is related to elevation; and soils and bushfires. Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. The Llanos of Columbia is characterized by mean annual rainfall of 200cm-400cm (near Andes Mountain), mean annual temperature of 22C, and maximum temperature of 32C. The process starts when the sun heats the ground. In dambos (grasslands found in most of the country) and other marshes, soil water is available throughout the dry season, but they may be rather acidic. On average, it rains one in three days in the UK. Relief rainfall is formed when the aircools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. The average temperature in Zambia in the summer is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. What is migration and why do people migrate? Hydrol., 59: 173--187. How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop? Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. The average temperatures are between 66F and 87F. Which landforms result from moving or melting ice? What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? agriculture Quetta does not get rain from the summer monsoon winds. As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the west of the UK. Plains are low relief What factors affect population density and distribution? Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. Zambia. Lusaka - Average precipitation. Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment, Reducing the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes, Population and settlement iGCSE Geography, The main causes of a change in population size, A country with a rate of high population growth China, A country which is over-populated Bangladesh, A country which is under-populated Australia, A country with a low rate of population growth or decline Japan. [2], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1003499747, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. mathematics past papers The broad types of soil found in Zambia are: In areas where soils are waterlogged for all or part of the year, or are very infertile, sandy or acidic, they take over from climate as the predominant factor in determining the distribution of plants and animals. Landforms in the middle course of a river. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. SafariBookings is the largest online marketplace for African safari tours. Moderate rain describes . Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at Kabwe, Zambia. This low-pressure zone mostly lies over the Democratic Republic of . [15] This means that the occurrence of extreme climate events such as droughts and floods would become more frequent. Answer (1 of 3): Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. See answer (1) Best Answer. In Ndola, the climate is warm and temperate. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l). Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. This causes air to cool and moisture in the air to condense into rainfall. How has the vegetation in the temperate deciduous forest adapted to the climate? A historical map of the ancient Sumerian Empire would have a date range of between 5,000 B.C. Convenctional Rainfall - This type of rain is very common in areas where the ground is heated by the sun. Much of the ecoregion in Southern Province (sometimes referred to as the Southern Plateau) and the south-east of Eastern Province (sometimes referred to as the Eastern Plateau) has been cleared for farming and ranching. A case study of a sparsely populated area Himalayan Mountains, A case study of a densely populated area Greater London. Copy. [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production.